Preheat a large pot over medium-high heat. Add 1 pound ground beef, season with salt and pepper, and break it apart with a spatula as it cooks. Stir occasionally until it's fully browned, about 8-10 minutes.
Once the beef is cooked, drain excess grease, leaving 1 tablespoon of drippings in the pot for added flavor.
Reduce the heat to medium. Add 2 tablespoons butter along with 1 yellow onion (diced), 2 ribs celery (diced), and ½ cup diced carrots. Sauté for 5 minutes until softened. Stir in 3 minced garlic cloves and cook for another minute, stirring frequently.
Sprinkle in 3 tablespoons flour, stirring continuously for 2 minutes to make a light roux. Slowly pour in 5 cups chicken broth, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the pot with a spatula to enhance the flavor.
Stir in 1 cup heavy cream, 1 teaspoon hot sauce, 1 teaspoon soy sauce, and seasonings (1 teaspoon dried basil, ½ teaspoon EACH: dried oregano and parsley,¼ teaspoon EACH: ground black pepper and red chili flakes), blending everything together smoothly.
Bring the soup to a gentle boil, then reduce to a simmer. While waiting, wash and dry 1 ¼ pounds red potatoes, then cut them into 1-inch cubes. Add them to the soup and let them cook uncovered until fork-tender, about 20-25 minutes.
Return the cooked ground beef to the pot and stir to combine. Reduce the heat to low and mix in 2 cups shredded cheddar cheese (if using) until melted and creamy. Serve hot with your favorite toppings!